Jan Trzaskowski   Legal Risk Management in Electronic Commerce

Paperback: 254 pages (17 October 2005)
Publisher: Ex Tuto Publishing, Denmark
Language: English
ISBN: 87-991018-0-7
List Price: EUR 45 + VAT (DKK 340 + moms)

Ex Tuto Publishing (Ex Tuto ApS)
Ved Amagerport 4
DK-2300 Copenhagen S
Phone: (+45) 25 37 02 05
sales@extuto.com

DESCRIPTION | HYPOTHESES | TABLE OF CONTENTS | READ THE BOOK BEFORE BUYING

1. Introduction	1
1.1. Quality	3
1.2. Purpose	3
1.2.1. Hypotheses	4
1.3. Methodology	5
1.4. Delimitation and Definitions	7
1.4.1. The Test Set-Up	10
1.5. What is New?	11
1.6. Outline of the Thesis	13
2. The Internal Market	15
2.1. The European Union	17
2.2. The European Economic Area	18
2.3. Free Movement of Goods	19
2.3.1. Restrictions	20
2.3.1.1. Certain Selling Arrangements	21
2.3.2. Justifiable Restrictions	27
2.3.2.1. Article 30	27
2.3.2.1.1. Public Morality	29
2.3.2.1.2. Public Policy and Security	30
2.3.2.1.3. Health and Life	32
2.3.2.1.4. Industrial and Commercial Property	34
2.3.2.1.5. Arbitrary Discrimination and Proportionality	36
2.3.2.2. Mandatory Requirements	37
2.4. Free Movement of Services	41
2.4.1. Restrictions	43
2.4.2. Justifiable Restrictions	44
2.4.3. The Relationship to the Right of Establishment	47
2.4.4. Draft Directive on Services in the Internal Market	49
2.5. The 2000 E-Commerce Directive	50
2.5.1. Information Society Services	51
2.5.2. General Delimitation	53
2.5.3. The Country of Origin Principle	54
2.5.3.1. The General Exception	56
2.5.3.2. The Coordinated Field	58
2.5.3.3. Specific Exceptions	59
2.5.3.3.1. Contractual Obligations in Consumer Contacts	61
2.6. Goods or Services	63
2.6.1. Goods, Services and Information Society Services	67
2.7. Freedom of Expression (Human Rights)	67
2.7.1. Justifiable Interference	70
2.7.1.1. Prescribed by Law	71
2.7.1.2. Legitimate Aim	71
2.7.1.3. Necessary in a Democratic Society	72
2.7.2. Licensing of Broadcasting	73
2.7.3. Human Rights in Community Law	76
2.8. Subjects to Community Obligations	80
2.8.1. The Direct Effect of Community Law	80
2.8.1.1. Member States' Obligation to Control its Nationals	83
2.8.2. The Direct Effect of the Country of Origin Principle	85
2.8.2.1. Indirect Effect	86
2.8.2.2. Incidental Horizontal Effect	88
2.8.2.3. The Country of Origin Principle	90
2.9. Conclusion	91
3. Public Law Enforcement	93
3.1. Applying Foreign Law	94
3.1.1. Litigation Capacity	95
3.2. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments	95
3.2.1. Jurisdiction Under International Law	96
3.2.2. Dual Criminality	98
3.2.3. Recognition of Criminal Judgments in Europe	99
3.2.3.1. European Conventions	100
3.2.3.2. Cooperation Between the Nordic States	101
3.2.3.3. Mutual Recognition in the European Union	102
3.2.3.3.1. The 2005 Framework Decision on Financial Penalties	104
3.3. The 1998 Injunctions Directive	108
3.4. Cooperation on Public Law Enforcement	109
3.5. Conclusion	110
4. Private Law Enforcement	113
4.1. Private International Law	115
4.1.1. Contractual Obligations	116
4.1.1.1. Mandatory Rules	119
4.1.1.2. Certain Consumer Contracts	120
4.1.1.3. Possible Objections	122
4.1.2. Tort	123
4.1.3. Community Law and Private International Law	126
4.1.3.1. The 2000 E-Commerce Directive and Applicable Law	128
4.2. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments	132
4.2.1. The Brussels/Lugano System	134
4.2.1.1. Civil and Commercial Matters	137
4.2.1.2. Defendants Domicile and Special Jurisdiction	139
4.2.1.3. Branch, Agency or Other Establishment	140
4.2.1.4. Matters Relating to a Contract (Performance Forum)	141
4.2.1.4.1. Electronically Delivered 'Goods' or Services	143
4.2.1.5. Certain Consumer Contracts	144
4.2.1.5.1. Advertising and Specific Invitation	147
4.2.1.5.2. Steps Necessary for the Conclusion of the Contract	150
4.2.1.5.3. Contracts, Consumer Contract or Tort?	151
4.2.1.6. Tort	153
4.2.1.6.1. Matters Relating to Tort, Delict or Quasi-Delict	154
4.2.1.6.2. Distance Delicts	154
4.2.1.7. Civil Claims Under Criminal Proceedings	158
4.2.1.8. Recognition and Enforcement	159
4.2.1.8.1. Public Policy	161
4.3. Conclusion	163
5. Risk Mitigation	165
5.1. Directing a Website	165
5.1.1. Jurisdictional Basis	165
5.1.2. Selected Case Law	168
5.1.2.1. The European Court of Justice	169
5.1.2.1.1. Herbert Karner Industrie v. Troostwijk	169
5.1.2.1.2. Criminal Proceedings Against Bodil Lindqvist	169
5.1.2.2. National Courts in the European Union	170
5.1.2.2.1. LICRA v. Yahoo! Inc	170
5.1.2.2.2. Viasat and Canal Digital Denmark v. Another	171
5.1.2.2.3. Euromarket Designs Inc v. Peters & Another	171
5.1.2.2.4. 1-800 Flowers Inc v. Phonenames LTD	172
5.1.2.3. United States	174
5.1.2.3.1. Zippo Manufacturing Company v. Zippo Dot Com	174
5.1.2.3.2. Gator.com v. L.L. Bean	177
5.1.2.3.3. Yahoo! Inc v. LICRA	178
5.1.2.3.3.1. Yahoo! Inc v. LICRA (Appeal)	180
5.1.2.4. Australia	181
5.1.2.4.1. Dow Jones & Company Inc v. Gutnick	181
5.1.2.4.2. Ward Group Pty Ltd v. Brodie & Stone Plc	182
5.1.3. Connecting Factors	184
5.1.3.1. Access to the Website	186
5.1.3.2. Magnitude and Nature of Business Activity	187
5.1.3.3. The Presentation and Relevance	188
5.1.3.4. Marketing Measures	188
5.1.3.5. Place of Business and Technical Infrastructure	189
5.2. Geographical Delimitation	190
5.2.1. Technical Delimitation	192
5.2.1.1. The Architecture of the Internet	193
5.2.1.1.1. Protocols and the Domain Name System	194
5.2.1.2. IP Mapping and Geographical Targeting	196
5.2.1.3. Obtaining Geographical Information From the User	200
5.2.1.3.1. Location, Domicile or Nationality?	202
5.2.2. Geographical Delimitation in the Internal Market	205
5.2.2.1. Discrimination on Grounds of Nationality	206
5.3. Choice of Forum and Applicable Law	210
5.3.1. In Writing	211
5.3.2. Choice of Forum	213
5.3.2.1. The Brussels/Lugano System	214
5.3.2.1.1. Place of Performance	219
5.3.2.1.2. Consumer Contracts	219
5.3.2.2. The 1958 New York Convention	220
5.3.2.3. Draft Hague Judgments Convention	221
5.3.3. Choice of Applicable Law	222
5.3.4. The 1993 Directive on Unfair Contract Terms	224
5.4. Conclusion 226
6. Conclusions	229
6.1. Summary	229
6.2. Hypotheses	232
6.2.1. First Hypothesis	233
6.2.2. Second Hypothesis	235
6.2.3. Third Hypothesis	237
6.2.4. Fourth Hypothesis	238
6.2.5. Fifth Hypothesis	239
6.2.6. Sixth Hypothesis	240
6.3. Danish Summary (Dansk Resumé)	241
7. Literature and References	245
7.1. Books	245
7.2. Articles etc.	247
7.3. Acts, Regulations, Conventions etc.	252

Webdesign: MERE.INFO